Social stigma refers to the negative attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes that society holds towards individuals or groups who are different in some way. This can be based on characteristics such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or mental illness. Stigma can lead to discrimination, exclusion, and marginalization of individuals, impacting their self-esteem, mental health, and overall well-being. Researchers in this area study the causes and consequences of social stigma, as well as strategies to reduce stigma and promote social inclusion.